Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 27 Free Essays

There was nothing to show the section of hours inside the austere vault †not the barest proposal of daylight at any point advanced under its entryways. Days liquefied into weeks, perhaps months. It felt as though an unending length of time had passed, but another loosened up interminably before us. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 27 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Lexi and I had quit talking. Not severely or misery, yet in light of the fact that we couldn’t any longer. We didn’t have enough solidarity to drive ourselves to shout when we heard somebody approach, considerably less get up and battle the stone that kept us covered. There was no more solidarity to battle the murkiness, no solidarity to hold up. On the off chance that I’d despite everything required my heart to endure, I’m not certain I’d have had the solidarity to keep blood siphoning through my veins. We lay quietly close to one another. In the event that anybody at any point discovered us, a quite a while after that, we would look regrettable, similar to a sister and sibling in some awful fantasy caught in a witch’s storm cellar. Each passing second depleted me of my Power. My eyes no longer parsed the haziness. The quiet was supreme as sounds from the outside world blurred into obscurity. All that I had left was my feeling of touch †the vibe of Lexi’s waxy hand, the unpleasant wood of the battered final resting place close to me, the cool metal band of my pointless ring. I felt practically human once more, in the most exceedingly awful conceivable way. What's more, as my Power withdrew agonizingly, so with it went my eternality. I had never seen its consistent nearness until it started to vanish, leaving meat and bone, cerebrum and liquids, and removing such was extraordinary about me with it. With the exception of my craving. My vampire side responded to starvation. My teeth hurt and ignited with need so severely that I would have cried tears if I’d had any. Blood weaseled its way into all my musings. I longed for how it had beaded up, gem like, on Callie’s finger when she’d cut herself. How smoky my youth pound, Clementine Haverford, had tasted going down. How, as my dad lay passing on the floor of his examination, his blood had spread out around him like eager, looking through fingers, recoloring everything in sight a dim, flavorful red. At long last, everything returns to blood. Vampires are only craving exemplified, planned explicitly to take blood from our casualties. Our eyes urge them to confide in us, our teeth tear open their veins, and our mouths channel them of their very life source. Blood†¦ Blood†¦ Blood†¦ Blood†¦ The word murmured to me again and again, similar to a tune trapped in one’s head, filling each fissure of my mind and covering every memory with its tempting fragrance. And afterward a recognizable voice started to converse with me. â€Å"Hello, Stefan.† â€Å"Katherine?† I croaked, scarcely ready to get the words out. I figured out how to turn my head sufficiently only to see her spread curvaceously on a lot of silk pad pads. She looked precisely as she had the evening of the slaughter, before they removed her and executed her. Wonderful and incompletely uncovered, her pouty lips giving me a knowing grin. â€Å"Are you†¦ alive?† â€Å"Shhhh,† she stated, hanging over to stroke my cheek. â€Å"You don’t look well.† I shut my eyes as her inebriating fragrance of lemon and ginger cleared over me, so recognizable thus genuine that I swooned. She more likely than not took care of as of late on the grounds that the warmth from her skin consumed neglected burial place. â€Å"I wish I could help you,† she murmured, her lips near mine. â€Å"Your. Fault,† I figured out how to relax. â€Å"Oh, Stefan,† she chastened. â€Å"You might not have been as willing as your sibling, however you didn’t exactly article to my†¦ ministrations.† As though to underline her words, she hung over and squeezed her delicate lips to my cheek. Again†¦ and again†¦ hauling them down my dry neck. Extremely, carefully, she prodded me, letting the tips of her teeth simply cut my skin. I groaned. My head spun. â€Å"But. You. Burned,† I grated. â€Å"I saw the church.† â€Å"Do you wish me dead?† she asked, fire in her eyes. â€Å"Do you need me to consume, to fall to the ground in a heap of cinders, just in light of the fact that you can’t have me all to yourself?† â€Å"No!† I dissented, attempting to push her off my neck. â€Å"Because you made me a monster†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her chuckle was light and melodic, similar to the breeze rings Mother had held tight the entryway patio of Veritas. â€Å"Monster? Truly, Stefan, one day you will recall what you knew to be valid back in New Orleans †that what I have given you is a blessing, not a curse.† â€Å"You’re as mad†¦ as†¦ Klaus†¦.† She sat back, caution drawing lines around her golden eyes. Her lower lip wobbled. â€Å"How do you think about K †? â€Å" The grave entryways detonated into a thousand shards of stone and wood, like shot through with a gun. I secured my face, the light consuming my eyes like corrosive. At the point when I opened them once more, Katherine was gone, and a foggy figure garbed in dark faltered in the rugged entryway, haloed by the rebuffing light. â€Å"Klaus?† Lexi murmured in an alarmed voice, grasping my hand. â€Å"Sorry to disappoint,† came a wry voice. â€Å"Damon!† I attempted to sit up. â€Å"Stefan, don’t you think it’s time you halted simply looking out for your elder sibling to come and salvage you?† Without service he came to in, got my wrist, and flung me out of the tomb. I flew into the contrary divider and tumbled down into a pile on the marble floor. Damon was gentler with Lexi, however not by much. Another weightless carcass, she slumped against me, legs to one side. Residue and shrapnel coasted around us like haze. I flickered at the unremarkable dividers, attempting to get my course. â€Å"Here,† Damon stated, holding out a silver cup. â€Å"You’re going to require it to escape.† I put my lips against the mouth of the vessel. Blood. Sweet, sweet, blood†¦ A voice in the rear of my brain yelled that it was human blood, yet I hushed it with a sprinkle of overwhelming fluid. I drank profoundly, frantically, moaning when Damon snatched the cup away from me. â€Å"Save some for the lady,† he said. Lexi drank avariciously also. Blood trickled down her jaw and around her lips as she sucked hard and quietly. Her skin, which had been drawn, pale and wrinkled as an old woman’s, rounded out and got pink and puffy. â€Å"Thanks, sailor,† she relaxed. â€Å"I required that.† Like a light filling a basement with warmth and light, I felt my own Power transmit through my appendages, restoring my faculties to what they were, instilling my body with quality that I hadn’t experienced since before I began eating just creatures. As my vision cleared, I heaved. Behind Damon, a dark haired lady remained with one hand to her sanctuary, the other held into a clench hand next to her. Her eyes were shut and her body shook with the smallest of tremors. It appeared as though she was in profound agony, being held set up while obscure torments were concerned her psyche and body. Margaret. What's more, she wasn’t alone. There was an inclined figure before her, squirming miserably, and I understood with a shock that Margaret wasn’t being tormented †she was the one causing torment in another. In Lucius. In the super-vampire, so Powerful, yet still just an infantryman of Klaus, the evil presence legitimately plummeted from damnation. Lucius had killed a whole family, caught me easily, and got Lexi like a problematic mouse. The beast had his head in his grasp and was shouting, horrible shouts that appeared to send resonations through the very sanctuary. â€Å"Is that Margaret?† I asked, astounded. Damon pulled me up, impelled me toward the entryway. â€Å"We can’t leave her!† â€Å"She’ll be fine!† â€Å"But †â€Å" â€Å"Questions later. Running now.† Thus, with one final glance at the lady who had pushed Hell itself to the brink of collapse, I fled from the site of my detainment and out into moonlight. Step by step instructions to refer to Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 27, Essay models

Accountancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bookkeeping - Essay Example Spending plans are gotten from the drawn out techniques of any organization or association. Reames (2010) states that â€Å"its consistently critical to make sense of those regions of your spending where you will in general spend extreme sums or pointlessly and cut those out†. The yearly budgetary procedure is an exceptionally protracted procedure that takes half a month so as to build up a significant arrangement that is utilized for the entire year and isn't updated until the following year. Peterson and Fabozzi (2002: 245) express that â€Å"Annual planning is one of the most significant, and now and then generally troublesome, portions of financing†. It is extremely useful for the organizations as it records every single arranged cost and incomes for the present year. Yearly planning process isn't just about the financial plan; it’s likewise about the development of the business and execution improvement. Kirk (n.d.) states that â€Å"forecasting a yearly spending plan for your business encourages you figure out where your needs are for financing, yet work force as well†. The variables which are should have been thought about while causing a powerful financial plan to incorporate the quantity of spending members, competency levels, interdepartmental conditions, decent variety of aptitudes, and individual jobs. To build up a viable yearly financial plan for an organization, following advances are of basic significance: 1. Deciding the measure of cash which the organization has made by net deals in the past business year, since that cash will be utilized so as to speak to the costs of the organization in rate structure. 5. Increasing up and coming years anticipated gross deals volume with the rate for each cost class so as to assess the costs that will be experienced by the organization in the coming year as a level of the company’s net deals which will be founded on the rates from the past business year. A spending plan helps in dynamic with respect to utilization of cash.

The Zodiac Signs and Human Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

The Zodiac Signs and Human Behavior My conviction is that the idea of our conduct depends on space science; consequently the explanation that individuals who share a similar zodiac sign have fundamentally the same as attributes, and at times a mix of individuals with certain zodiac signs can't get along or are entirely good. In some cases I can tell from a person’s sign due to their conduct, and different preferences. Getting familiar with crystal gazing and the zodiac signs encourages us to get individuals and their activities. Many contend that it is incident, however the chances are too high to even consider being that. It was not as of recently back that individuals began recognizing their zodiac sign with the situation of the Sun. So when an individual is asked what is his or sign, the Sun was going through on the day that individual was conceived. This can be shown on a birth graph. Our introduction to the world graphs are exceptional "sky maps" which mirror the nature of the specific second we drew our first breath. With that first breath, we each started our own mind boggling saint's excursion through life on planet Earth. The birth places of the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto all play their own one of a kind representative jobs as flag-bearers and represetatives of the universe. The contention is that a few people question why the depiction of the sign doesn't fit them. The appropriate response is that there are three sections to the birth graph: the sun, the moon, and the ascendant. The sun (quick) goes through each of the 12 zodiac signs over the span of around a year. The moon (quicker) goes through every one of the 12 zodiac signs over the span of around a month, and the ascendant (quickest): goes through each of the 12 zodiac signs throughout a 24 hour day. Additionally, a birth diagram and understanding or either a horoscope and similarity report can't be precise for everybody brought into the world under a particular zodiac sign except if the crystal gazer has exact data about the hour of birth, date of birth and spot of birth. At times the time isn't known and a crystal gazer will utilize 12:01 P.M. which, while not as exact as it ought to be, will put one as near the objective as could be expected under the circumstances. Without this data all that one finds out about one’s sign anyplace will be summed up data. Disease, for instance, is situated in the mysterious component of Water. Of the four visionary components (Fire, Earth, Air, and... ...thers so as to make your life a progressively more joyful and advantageous excursion and a framework to check whether a match among you and another will offer you a more prominent possibility at satisfaction dependent on the mix of your outlines. A Compatibility report or Synastry translation and Chart Wheel joins your graph and a mates to frame a fresh out of the plastic new element (character) called relationship. The sign, the rising sign and different positions, as a rule, will be not quite the same as either your diagram or your mate's outline. This shows what qualities you will have the option to call upon in the relationship and what shortcomings to survive. A Birth Chart and Interpretation or either a Horoscope and similarity report can't be precise for everybody brought into the world under a particular Zodiac sign except if the Astrologer has exact data about the hour of birth, date of birth and spot of birth. Spot of living arrangement is significant in the throwing of every day Horoscopes. Now and again the time isn't known and an Astrologer will utilize 12:01 P.M. which, while not as exact as it ought to be, will put you as near the objective as could reasonably be expected. Without this data all that you read about your sign anyplace will be summed up data.

Scientific research methods\Critical appraisals - 550 Words

Scientific research methods\Critical appraisals (Essay Sample) Content: The Effectiveness of a Structured Transition Programmein Improving Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Name Institution The research (PICO) question is: In adolescents and young adults with Type 1 Diabetes, does a structured transition programme result in improved glycaemic control and reduced hospital admissions? 1.Introduction The application of evidence-based practice in the healthcare sector requires an adequate and critical appraisal of studies to ensure only the best interventions or therapies are accepted into practice. Critical appraisal involves a systematic process to recognize strengths and shortcomings of a research article to evaluate the value and validity of its findings. The role of a research consumer entails the critical appraisal of studies (Polit Beck, 2010). The appraisal process helps determine the implication of a research findings, the merits of the design, and the correctness of implementing the recommendations or findings in nursing practice (Straus, Sackett, Haynes, 2005). Elliot, Schneider, and Geri (2002) noted that critical appraisal of research articles forms the foundation of quality research because it ensures old quality work are incorporated into the nursing practice.Crombie (2000) noted the research studies should be evaluated in the context of their methodology including the study design and analysis strategies. Additionally, the statistical procedure should be appropriate for the collected data and the appropriate test carried out (Greenhalgh, 2006) The following section evaluates evidence that supports or refutes the efficacy of a structured transition programme in improving glycaemic control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.The appraisal seeks to identify current practice in the application of structured transition programmes and how such practices can be employed to improve the transition between paediatric diabetes services to adult diabetes services. 1 Characteristics of the Research Studies 1 Description of the Studies The evaluation involves six studies which diverse in place where they were conducted and methodologies. Two of the studies were carried out in USA (Los Angeles and Winthrop University), two in Australia (Sydney andWestmead) with the remaining two being conducted in Spain and Italy each. Only one of the studies used randomized control trial (Steinbeck et al, 2014) while the other used non-randomized designs including prospective, nonrandomized trial (Sequeira et al., 2015), mixed method (Egan, Corrigan,Shurping, 2015), and retrospective examination. Steinbeck at al. (2015) recruited 26 participants who received standardized communication assistance at week 1, and three, six and 12 months after discharge from paediatric care. The intervention group was compared with standard clinical practices in which the participants were briefly contacted biannually to confirm their status. 2 Description of theInterventions The studies explored various transition interventions and programmes ranging from structured transition, comprehensive transition programme, and therapeutic education programme and structured education programmes.Steinbeck et al. (2015) evaluated the effectiveness of a comprehensive transition programme (CTP) with standard clinical practices. The CTP constituted of comprehensive communication with the patient and unbroken support from a health practitioners. Sequeiraet al. (2014)evaluated the effectiveness of a structured transition programme that incorporated specifically tailored diabetes instruction, case management, group meetings and admission to young ADS and diabetes education. Egan, Corrigan and Shurpin (2015) explored the structured transition process comprised of a transition coordinator who reminded the participants of their appointment and made the necessary changes when the participants were unavailable for the appointment. Cadario et al. (2009) integrated two groups, on e that followed a structured shiftwhilst the other followed an unstructured transition process. The structured transition involved a transition plan designed by an endocrinologist at the start of the start of adult diabetes services. Attention was given to foresee or hold-up the transfer to particular conditions such as acute hypegylcaemia. Paediatrics and adult diabetes service coordinators worked together with the parents to ensure the transition was smooth as possible. A similar transition programme was investigated by Holmes-Walker, Llewellyn and Farrell (2006).Holmes-Walker, Llewellyn and Farrell (2006) investigated a transition programme that was tailored to allocate young diabetics as they transferred from PDS to ADS, to adhere to the designed programme including visiting a diabetes specialist, a primary care clinician and a diabetes instructor. Vidal et al (2004) investigated a specifically designed programme that integrated a therapeutic education programme. The constituen t element of the therapeutic education programme included a coordinated transfer visits and a baseline evaluation of the patient. The programme sought to help patients improve their self-management, glycemic management and adherence to physiciansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ visits. 3 Characteristics of the Structured Programme The summary of the studies and interventions is shown in the table below. Author Date Design Sample Transition Intervention Study Duration Results Outcome Measures Steinbeck et al. 2014 Randomized controlled trials 26 Comprehensive transition programme (CTP) compared with Standard clinical practice (SCP) 12 months Most Comprehensive Therapeutic Programme participants (11/14) and all SCP (2/12) completed the programme Primary outcome measures- commitment and retention in the ADS. Secondary- hemoglobin A1c, diabetes-connected hospital visits, micro-vascular complication and global self-worth. Participants (p=0.1) transferred to ADS (median transfer time = 14-15 week), both groups showed sup-optimal frequency of visits to diabetes services despite the high retention rate. The study reported significant variation in HBA1c between the CTP group and SCP group. A linear progression model reported that the follow-up HbAc1; p = improved by 1.2% for every increase in initialHemoglobin (at 95% CI,0.4, 1.9; p=0.01). Sequeira et al. 2014 Prospective, nonrandomized trial 81 Structured transition programme constituting diabetes education, case management, group meetings, and access to a novice ADS and website. 12 months Primary outcomes- routine clinic visits. Secondary outcomes- gycemic control, hypoglycemia, healh-care use, and psychosocial well-being. Intervention group had improved glycemic management (-0.4% vs. 0.4% p =0.01) in comparison to the control group, episodes of acutehypoglycemia (0%vs 0.16%, p =0.02), andpatientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s well-being (p=0.02) at 12 months. Egan, Corrigan, Shurping 2015 Mixed method (prospective longitudinal study) 29 Structured transition with joint appointments and transition coordinators 6 months Primary outcome- devotionto follow-up. Derivate outcome- diabetes-related suffering, professed health care provider independence support, quality of life, and AIC. There was a momentous correlation between the value of life and diabetes-related distress and correlation between diabetes-related distress and AIC during the pre-transition phase. Paired t-test reported a statistically significant decrease in diabetes pain and an increase in the quality of life. Vidal et al. 2004 80 Specifically designed transition therapeutic education programme (TEP). TEP constituted coordinated transfer visits and preliminary evaluation by the ADS professional 12 months Primary outcomes- glycemicmanagement, self-management and quality of life. Secondary outcomes-metabolic control, hypoglycemic episodes, and total daily insulin dose. TEP enhanced metabolic management (HbA 8.5 vs 7.4, p0.001) and decreased the number of severe hypoglycemic episodes (0.39 vs 0.14). Cadario et al. 2009 Retrospective examination 162 Structured transition 10 years Duration of transfer, HbA1c, and clinical attendance The transfer duration was longer in unstructured transition coupled with a lack of medical help. Structured transition significantly improved HbA1c (p 0.01) and improved clinical attendance. Holmes-Walker, Llewellyn,Farell 2006 191 Transition support programme 12 months Clinical attendance, HbA1c, number of admissions and readmissions with DKA, and hospital of stay. The transition support improved HbA1c (8.8+-1.9%, p 0.001) after five visits. Diabetes Ketoacidosis admissions reduced by 30% (p=0.05) and extent of stay following readmissions 2.4 Main Clinical Findings Steinbeck et al. (2015) conducted a randomized controlled trial of after discharge programme to helppaediatricswith type 1 diabetes transition from PDS to ADS. Using appointment and retention in the adult services as the primary outcome, and haemoglobin A1c, diabetes-related hospitalization and, global self-worth as the derivative outcome, Steinbeck et al. (2014) reported that CTP impact positively haemoglobin A1c. However, the study reported no noteworthy difference in the retention of patients in adult services. Additionally, the small sample did not allow for the stratification of the randomization by HbA1c. As such, the failure to record any significant difference between CTP and SCP can be attributed to the slow recruitment process that led to a small sample size and skewed representativeness of the target group. Although the study conducted in Australia provided fundamental feas...

The Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide

The Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from one another. Therefore, juveniles require individualized treatment depending on their unique circumstances and situations. The neglected and abused youths ought to receive different treatment from those who have committed minor status offenses (Hess,†¦show more content†¦In 1899, Cook County, Illinois established the first juvenile court. The idea of juvenile justice quickly spread in the United States (ABA Division for Public Education, 2017, p.5). Difference between the Juvenile and Adult Criminal Justice Systems The juvenile justice system differs from the adult criminal justice system in several ways. Firstly, it focuses on the adolescent or child as an individual in need of assistance instead of the act that resulted in him or her being brought before the judge or magistrate. In contrast, the adult criminal court concentrates on determining the guilt of the adult for the act that led to him being brought to court. Further, proceedings are informal on the juvenile justice system. The judge is given discretion because he/she is expected to act in the child’s best interest. There are procedural safeguards given to adults such as the right to know one’s charges, the right to legal counselright to be tried by a jury of one’s peers, and the right to challenge the accuser. These procedural safeguards were deemed unnecessary in a juvenile justice system (McCord, Widom, Crowell, 2001, p.154). 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Alcoholism A Complex Disorder - 961 Words

Alcoholism is a very complex disorder. It is believed that genetics and several other biological factors are likely involved in the materialization of alcohol dependence, along with cognitive behavior, temperament, psychological and sociocultural factors. Alcohol use patterns including alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are â€Å"familial† in nature (cf. Heath et al., Kendlerm Heath, heath Neale, Kessler Eaves, 1992; Hesselbrock, 1995) Alcohol abuse is a drinking pattern that results In significant and recurrent adverse consequences. People suffering from alcoholism (technically known as alcohol dependence) have lost reliable control of their alcohol use. Neither the amount or kind of alcohol that an alcohol dependent person consumes†¦show more content†¦Genetics, social factors, psychological and physiological all play a role. Every individual person is not always equally affected by each cause. For some people who suffer with alcoholism such psychological trai ts like low self-esteem, impulsiveness and the need for approval can prompt inappropriate drinking. Others may try and drink to cope or â€Å"self-medicate† their emotional problems. When people begin drinking excessively, the problem can perpetuate itself. Excessive drinking can cause physiological changes that make drinking copious amounts the only way to avoid discomfort. Genetic factors make some people especially vulnerable to alcohol dependence. The absence of family drinking problems doesn’t necessarily protect you from developing the problem just as a family history doesn’t always guarantee you will automatically have the same problem. Although there is some research that suggests small amounts have beneficial cardiovascular effects, there is even more widespread research that concludes heavier drinking can lead to health problems. Some Short-term effects include hangovers, loss of memory , and blackouts. Long-term effects associated with heavy drinking include heart problems, brain damage, even more serious memory loss , cirrhosis of the liver and cancer. Heavy drinkers markedly increase their chances of dying from, homicide, suicide and car accidents. Although men are much more likely than women to develop alcoholism, a women s

Applying DET to ICT Workplace Ethical Dilemma

Question: Describe about the Applying DET to ICT Workplace Ethical Dilemma. Answer: The Case A senior faculty member wanted an article from a current issue of a journal. The faculty could not access the journal through the department website. He wanted the Librarian to email a pdf copy to him, but the university license did not include certain features of use and do not allow to download this particular journal as pdf. The viewing of the article is allowed by the publisher. Pdf file can be available only on payment to the Licensor (American Counseling Association, 2005). The librarian does not have the authority to make payment to the licensor, but know how to copy the screen shots from the computer monitor. The faculty insisted to send the article or its images any way and somehow. About the Ethical Dilemmas of a Librarian Librarians interact with the users frequently and experience a variety of interpersonal situations. It is reported that most librarians encounter a variety of ethical issues on the job. Often, they need to balance their decisions to meet the interests of the information seekers and rights holders. The challenge to convince the users that their requests cannot be complied because of legal and ethical reasons is daunting. When the library staff asserts the legal aspects of information usage, the users get irritated. It can be inferred from the case that librarians are aware of and understand the ethical issues related to intellectual property (IP) rights, but they have difficulty in executing the ethical decisions (Luo, 2016). The librarians require techniques to resolve the ethical dilemmas relating to copyright and licensing infringements. One such technique is DET (Doing Ethics Technique). About DET The 'Doing Ethics' technique (DET) is a process used for analyzing the ethical dilemma (Simpson, Nevile Burmeister, 2003). This analysis always may not lead to a solution, but it helps to develop perspectives about the issue. The user of DET must answer the eight questions posed by the technique and all questions must be answered. After answering all the questions the user is expected to get a deeper perspective about the issue. Applying DET on the Librarians case The eight questions suggested in the Doing Ethics Technique are posed in a sequence (Simpson, Nevile, Burmeister, 2003) and the answers are provided along with. 1: What is going on? One of the faculties in the university has requested for an illegal copy of an article. The university library is strongly inclined towards Intellectual Property (IP) rights. The Publisher of the article has allowed only viewing; copying the content is not licensed (Trushina, 2004). 2: What are the issues? The faculty insists for a copy of the article even if it violates the license permissions. The librarian is experiencing a dilemma, whether to comply with the request of the faculty or avoid violations of the IP rights (Goldie et. al, 2002). 3: Who are affected? The faculty: if the article is not available, the faculty cannot achieve the goal The librarian: Providing copy to the faculty leads to IP rights violation and denial will affect the librarians function. The library: If the copy is provided to the faculty, the institution has violated its own policies about IP issues The publishers / Licensors: If the librarian provides illegal copy to the faculty, the publishers are denied revenue and their rights are violated. 4: What are the ethical issues? If the copy is provided to the faculty, the licensor may not know about it and there may not be a legal action. But, a librarian is a custodian of Intellectual property, and is liable to provide value to the creators of knowledge and its rights holders i.e. the authors and the publishers. The facultys ethical position is also challenged by the insistence shown (by him or her) to get the copy of the article. 5: what are the implications? The refusal to comply with the facultys request will help to build a responsible knowledge working community. If the librarian succumbs to the pressure from the faculty, it will lead to creation of unethical culture in the library. 6. What can be done about? Before making a decision the librarian may discuss with the supervisor about the issue, or contact the licensor to explore the possibilities of getting the copy free(of course, the librarian must not disclose the faculty request) or discuss with the authorities to include payment for the article in the budget (Kocet, 2006). 7. What are the options? The librarian can take efforts to deter the faculty from the practice (Luo, 2016). A formal request to waive the fee for the copy may be sent to the licensor. A request to library authorities to pay for the article may be presented. The librarian can provide the copy to the faculty and leave the matter 8. Which option is best and why? Paying for the article by the university library is the best option, because it protects all stake holders interest (Barsh Lisewski. 2008). The publishers are getting their revenue, the faculty can use the information with confidence, the library can uphold its values and the librarians dilemma is resolved with dignity. References Adele Barsh and Amy Lisewski. (2008), Library Managers and Ethical Leadership: A Survey of Current Practices from the Perspective of Business Ethics, Journal of Library Administration 47, no. 34 (October 2008): 2767. American Counseling Association. (2005).ACA code of ethics: As approved by the ACA Governing Council, 2005. American Counseling Association. Goldie, J., Schwartz, L., McConnachie, A., Morrison, J. (2002). The impact of three years' ethics teaching, in an integrated medical curriculum, on students proposed behaviour on meeting ethical dilemmas.Medical education,36(5), 489-497. Kathy Hoffman, (2005). Professional Ethics and Librarianship, Texas Library Journal 81, no. 3 (Fall 2005): 96101 Kocet, M. M. (2006). Ethical challenges in a complex world: Highlights of the 2005 ACA code of ethics.Journal of Counseling Development,84(2), 228-234. Luo, L. (2016). For Your Enrichment: Ethical Issues in Reference: An In-Depth View from the Librarians Perspective.Reference User Services Quarterly,55(3), 188-198. Simpson, C. R., Nevile, L., Burmeister, O. K. (2003). Doing ethics: A universal technique in an accessibility context. Australian Journal of Information Systems, 10(2), 127-133. Trushina, I. (2004). Freedom of access: ethical dilemmas for internet librarians.The electronic library,22(5), 416-421.

The Breakdown of Indigenous Culture in Australia

Culture is the entireness of socially imparted behavioral practices from one generation to the other. Culturally transferred patterns, from one generation to the other, play a vital role in the society, and determine the future prospects of that society (Angelo, 1994, p.10). The Indigenous culture in Australia has been systematically broken down since white settlement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Breakdown of Indigenous Culture in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the Aboriginal culture and beliefs, Aboriginal Australia has taken a position of a living legacy of spiritual knowledge and culture. In addition, there has been sharing of different affairs through rituals, art, dance and many more into what they referred as dreamtime (Black, 1983, p.28). The Aborigines believed that their spiritual ancestors descended from the sky. Ceremonial songs functioned to honor legends of the dreamtime creati on era. Before the settlement of the Europeans in Australia in the 17th century, there was an estimate of over 600 groups of Aborigines. These groups had different dialects and cultures that gave them identity (Angelo, 1994, p.23). The settlement of the Europeans in Australia had superficial effects on the Aboriginal groups in the continent. Most of the dwellers believe that if they retained their culture as before, the groups’ status could be the same as those of individual countries with different languages like the ones that make up Europe. However, the British attempt to incorporate Australia into their empire, brought their success into an end. The 17th century marks the start of the modern Australian history to most of the individuals. This perception is in contrast with the view of the Aborigines since to them; it marks the beginning of the European invasion. The Europeans expected the Australian natives to integrate into their (European) ways promptly and without any question. The aborigines came across many social attitudes beyond their understanding. In addition, introduction of firearms, alcohol, and other devices took place leading to premature deaths of many Aborigines. The sudden introduction of the social evils from the western world resulted into considerable destruction to the Aborigines who had a cultural aim of living in harmony with each other. The Aborigines became foreigners in their own land since the Europeans had assumed supreme authority over everything on the land (Baldaulf, 1995, p.53). In addition, the Europeans treated the Aborigines in a harsh manner resulting to their inability to access the sacred sites and their hunting ventures ended.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Aborigines went through intense discrimination leading to condemnation and ridiculing of their lifestyle. During the colonial time, regarding of t he Aborigines as inferior led to lying down of missioners to keep them away from the society by closely supervising them all the time (Black, 1983, p.32). The colonialists claimed that the main aim of the close supervision was to protect the Aborigines from the Europeans. The missioners had a resemblance of concentration camps and the rules were that, unauthorized individuals could not leave or enter the designated areas. The missioners also barred natives from accessing some hospitals, which was a sign of total discrimination. In this essence, the Europeans portrayed no cultural diversity in the society. The missions forced the Aborigines to speak and dress like them with an intention of destroying the original society, and this made the Aborigines forget their traditional culture. This act killed cultural diversification since the Aborigines had no right to exercise their culture (Basso, 1998, p.20). In addition, the missions intended to bring to extinction the Aboriginal’s blood. Later, the white Australians adopted the Aborigines babies with an intention that they could forget their past and adapt with the white world. Moreover, the white Australians went to the extent of having powers to control the possessions of the Aborigines. The white Australians could not allow the Aborigines into the public facilities and occasions. Discrimination was not because the Aborigines could not afford for the services; no, they were considered primitive and uncivilized. In addition, the whites placed curfews in some areas, which meant that the Aborigines could not remain in town after certain hours. Moreover, discrimination took place even in education and health sectors. This also extended into the land ownership and employment opportunities, even though, the discriminatory practices were unlawful. Since the 18th century until late 19th century, there occurred controversy on the removal of children from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The federal and t he state government had the responsibility of doing this. This was in collaboration with the church agencies as an official government policy (Black, 1983, p.40).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Breakdown of Indigenous Culture in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was no clear reason of doing this and it remained uncontested by the people. The only known explanation indicated that the government feared the Aboriginal population would become extinct due to disease outbreaks. However, others held that the move was meant to protect children. In the 20th century, many changes in various sectors have taken place to avoid discrimination among the people. It is only a few years down the line since the Aborigines gained recognition as Australian citizens. It is during this time where most people agreed that the Aborigine should also have equal treatment as the ordinary Australians (Basso, 1998, p.23). Even after the passing of these laws, the Aborigines have continued to experience discrimination though they have greater control over their lives. In addition, only after a few decades, the Aborigines started experiencing an improved sense of equality. This was through better residential schemes, employment opportunities, education and many more. Moreover, the Aborigines regained of their land and still hoped that, with time, there would be an improvement on the attitude between different cultural groups. Currently, most of the Australians have pushed for reconciliation that will unite the indigenous and the non-indigenous Australians. In the modern Australia, most of the customs and activities have taken a new direction following the European contact. With this regard, new ways were passed from one generation to the other, considering them as traditional (Black, 1983, p.42). Changes in the Aboriginal culture have taken place over the last many years. Archeological studies reveal t his aspect, indicating that, there is no specific Aboriginal traditional culture since it varies with time and place. In the entire continent of Australia, Aboriginal language and culture is not uniform. The difference varies with demographic regions. The curved returning boomerang and the didgeridoo are examples of the Aboriginal culture. These two examples did spread well along the different regions of Australia. The returning boomerang took place in the southeastern part (Fasold, 1984, p.21). On the other hand, the didgeridoo, used during ceremonies, took place in the northern part. The continent had over 350 tribes each having its own language and traditions. In Australia, certain facets of culture exist in some parts but are lacking in the others because the continent is made of groups of states. This means that some practices took place in some areas, by particular tribes.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rise in sea level separated the Aborigines from the south from the mainland before the arrival of the Europeans. The aborigines in the south were the most isolated individuals in the world. They missed the humankind innovations in the stone technology (Dixon, 1980, p.50). People in the far north do not consider themselves as Aborigines; they consider themselves as a distinct group, and their culture is a blend of the Aborigines from the mainland and that of individuals from Papua New Guinea. In the modern Australia, the Aboriginals have almost adopted the living styles of the European culture; only a few groups can show or define their native culture. In other areas, families in the remote regions are working hard to maintain the traditions and live in ceremonial life (Janke, 1998, p.10). In addition, there are people living in the Aboriginal communities buying most of the basic needs and at times following the traditional methods of survival. Moreover, at the far end are the urban Aborigines who have adopted the European living styles. Inevitable changes such as the modern transport and living style had to take place in the Australian continent. Contemporary Australia is rooted in liberal democratic traditions. In Australia, three key societal values that include tolerance, informality, and egalitarianism, are well known. Anglo-Celtic origins have highly influenced the Australian’s culture (Janke, 1998, p.12). In addition, multi-ethnic migrations have also influenced the Australian life. Australia does not have an official language though English is the prevalent language. According to the recent census, a population of approximately 80% mostly uses English in homes because of influence by the colonialists where the indigenous language had no meaning. A good number of migrants in Australia are bilingual. During the time of the first European contact, more than 200 Aboriginal languages were in existence; however, approximately 70 languages are in existe nce currently (Fasold, 1984, p.23). Different developments that took place in the Australian continent threatened the indigenous languages. In some states, few indigenous languages survived. In countries where Europeans settled, indigenous languages underwent embattlement since the start of the colonial power. Colonialists in Australia based division of labor in gender, where women were associated with the private sphere. In addition, they were also associated with the unpaid work and the home (Dixon, 1980, p.56). On the other hand, men were associated with the public sphere. Moreover, men got associated with the paid work and the larger society. Division of labor was dominant during the early years of settlement. It is during this era when women took the role of homemakers whose role was to bring civility to men. In the traditional Australia, grouping of occupations was sex-segregated. Since 1970s, passing of policies to promote gender equality in all areas took place (Campbell, 19 97, p.78). This gave more room for women to participate in the secondary and higher education. In addition, there was an increase in the general workforce and availability of childcare. Cultural diversity has taken place in this essence bringing changes in areas like these where women have equal roles as men. In the formation of the government, Australia uses the British system. Elections take place after every four years for the federal, state, and territorial seats (Black, 1983, p.45). In the past, during the colonial rule, the Australian continent had different regions as they are nowadays. The system of the political parties in Australia bears features of the arrangements made by the federation of state. Three levels of government leaderships exist where democratic voting of the officials takes place. This gives the people freedom of choice compared to the colonial empire where dictation took place. Social stratification in Australia falls under three categories. These classes i nclude the working, the middle, and the upper class. The differences between the three groups raise alarm seriously. Individuals considered as the wealthiest fall in the upper class category. These individuals get their wealth from land ownership and capital generation. The middle class has individuals with non-manual occupations. As aforementioned, materials owned underscore the class of an individual; therefore, expensive clothes, cars, and homes characterize individuals in the upper class. The economic value of these properties varies across the regions (Basso, 1998, p.34). In other cases, the property owned cannot always characterize the class of different individuals. Patterns of speech and the mode of lifestyles may be strong indicators of a given class. Social welfare in Australia takes the notion of egalitarianism. In the wake of the 19th century, lawmaking has furthered impartiality in the society. This was meant to improve the chances to individuals with different disabili ties. During the colonial era, the Aborigines received massive discrimination from the whites in terms of accessing public facilities. The most common welfare issues are the rising unemployment and the aged people (Baldaulf, 1995, p.67). In addition, childcare, poverty, and helping individuals from the remote areas fall in the list. It is the culture of the Australians to offer equal treatment to the needy individuals without discrimination. Australians have the freedom to religion. The constitution supports this by guaranteeing religious freedom. In Australia, there is no official national religion, and this aspect puts Christianity in the forefront as the dominant religion in the country. The colonialists introduced the Anglican belief in the 17th century and most of the population identify with Christianity. Australia has gained its fame in religious diversity due to the extensive immigration. All faiths have gained a representation in the country since most of the indigenous peo ple have embraced Christianity. This has resulted from the close relationship between the citizens and the missionaries (Angelo, 1994, p.46). Religious alternatives had a small presence since the 1850s. The New Age movement represents a set of growing beliefs. The movement arrived in the 1960s and was able to spread greatly by the 1990s giving some way for paganism. In addition, it has given way for other aspects of the occult among a small fraction of the citizens. In conclusion, the settling of the Europeans in Australia played a prominent role in changing the culture of the Aborigines. The Europeans changed the lifestyle of the Aborigines tremendously by making them leave their indigenous culture. They have also brought to extinction the different tribes that were the original people of the country making them abandon their indigenous languages (Janke, 1998, p.89). The 20th century brought many changes in different areas though the Australians did not abandon some of the things t hey acquired during the colonial empire. In the current Australia, the government formation has taken after the British systems who were their colonizers. Bearing all the above in mind, it suffices to conclude that the indigenous culture in Australia has been broken down since the white settlement. Reference List Angelo, D. (1994). Australian phrasebook. Victoria: Lonely planet. Baldaulf, R. (1995). Backing Australian languages: Review of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages initiatives program. Canberra: National languages and literacy institute of Australia. Basso, K. (1998). Wisdom sits in places: Language and landscape among the western Apache. Albuquerque: University of Mexico press. Black, P. (1983). Aboriginal languages of the northern territory. Batchelor: SAL. Campbell, L. (1997). American Indian languages. London: Oxford university press. Dixon, R. (1980). The languages of Australia. Australia: Cambridge university press. Fasold, R. (1984). The sociolinguist ics of society. Oxford: Blackwell. Janke, T. (1998). Our culture, our future: Report on Australian indigenous cultural and intellectual property rights. Canberra: Viberg press. This essay on The Breakdown of Indigenous Culture in Australia was written and submitted by user Aviana Gonzalez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

From Boom to Bust Financial Crisis of 2008

From Boom to Bust Financial Crisis of 2008 Although academic interest in the global financial crisis that began in the United States in mid-2008 has declined as time goes on, it is a brief period in world economic history that is worth remembering and understanding. Although academic interest in the global financial crisis that began in the United States in mid-2008 has declined as time goes on, it is a brief period in world economic history that is worth remembering and understanding. In many respects, the consequences of the crisis have become a way of life; while the world economy is slowly improving, the financial crisis fundamentally changed many economic relationships between governments, financial institutions, markets, and consumers. From Boom to Bust in Six Easy Steps The chain of events that explains the financial crisis is relatively simple.  Naturally, each of these steps involved a large number of contributing factors. As the US economy improved after the â€Å"dot-com bubble† that created a short-term decline in 1999-2000, much of the recovery was directed into residential construction. In order to generate demand for the huge supply of housing, banks, and lending companies began issuing large numbers of â€Å"adjustable-rate mortgages†, mortgages with a low initial rate and with generally less stringent qualifications for buyers; this allowed a large number of people who had previously not been able to afford their own home a chance to buy one, and in many cases, spend more than was prudent for their level of income. WHAT IS FIAT MONEY The expansion of consumer credit in home loans also led to an increase in credit-funded consumer spending in other parts of the economy as well, fueled in large part through loans against home equity; as long as demand for housing remained strong – which was encouraged by looser credit standards – home prices and property values remained high, and consumers could use that value as collateral for additional spending. Eventually, the housing supply reached a saturation point, which under â€Å"normal† circumstances would have resulted in housing prices declining gradually until a supply-demand equilibrium was reached; this would have been partly achieved by lenders tightening lending standards and incrementally increasing interest rates to compensate for lower revenues. Three things made the situation beginning in late 2005 less than â€Å"normal,† however: The lending business had expanded along with the housing market Because the demand for mortgages was roughly equal to the demand for houses, a large number of lending businesses – most operating under regulatory guidelines that were much less strict than for banks – were started after 2000. The problem this caused was a lack of funding; mortgages take a little time, from the perspective of the lender, to start providing a stable revenue stream that can be used for new loans, unless the lender has a large initial financial reserve, which many did not. That led to the growth of creative funding concepts, such as Mortgage-backed securities, which became a hot market commodity In order to fund the lending boom, large and small lenders alike bundled their outstanding mortgages into financial derivatives called mortgage-backed securities, which took a variety of forms. An MBS is essentially a claim on a percentage of the cash inflow from a mortgage or group of mortgages and is generally paid on a monthly or quarterly basis, similar to a bond coupon. Once an MBS is created, however, its value as a tradable security is not necessarily limited to the expected revenue on paper from the mortgages in the pool; prior to 2008, the market value of these derivatives grew to several trillion dollars, many times the value of the properties they represented. The volatility of these MBS derivatives was a significant trigger for the financial disaster, because MBS were traded worldwide, meaning that US conditions were underliers for the entire global financial system. The drop in home prices, which was an inevitable consequence of a saturated market, led to lower revenues for lenders, which began to reduce the value of MBS’s. This created one self-feeding cycle because it led to less financing for new mortgages; it led to another because the only way the lenders could compensate was to raise the interest – sometimes precipitously – on their adjustable-rate mortgages, which in turn led to an accelerating number of mortgage defaults by borrowers. A mortgage that is not being paid has zero value as part of an MBS; in what seemed to be overnight but in reality was a period from late-2006 to mid-2008, an enormous amount of asset value held by financial institutions in the form of mortgage-backed securities simply vanished. The impact on financial institutions meant that, at a minimum, lending became severely restricted, and a large number of institutions failed outright – 25 in the US in 2008 alone. The evaporation of the credit market impacted business and consumer spending and created the deepest recession in the US since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Financial institutions overseas were not spared, either; large organizations such as the UK’s Northern Rock, Switzerland’s UBS, and the Royal Bank of Scotland were deeply exposed to the crisis through the MBS trade  and had to resort to various levels of government intervention to prevent utter chaos. The MBS problem affected a large number of investment organizations as well, companies and government bodies who held a large number of derivatives as part of the financial portfolios for pensions and retirement savings for workers. MONEY MAKES THE WORLD GO AROUND The history of the financial crisis is mainly a lesson about the complex – and evidently potentially-risky – connections in global economics. The entire world economy suffered because of an unsustainable condition in the housing market in the US, and the financial products and processes that evolved as a result of that condition. Moves by governments toward better regulation of financial industries, such as the new requirements for financial reserves that will be required under the Third Basel Accord, have largely been aimed at providing firewalls to prevent future financial crises from spreading as far and as fast. In another respect, however, the history of the financial crisis serves as a warning of what can go wrong. In this context, we may find ourselves with some reasons to worry; in some parts of the world such as China and developing Asian countries, rapid expansion of real-estate markets threatens to reach the same â€Å"bubble† levels as what occurred i n the US, and financial markets are beginning to see the reintroduction of exotic derivative securities. Knowing how quickly things can spiral out of control might help to prevent or at least lessen the effects of future financial crises.

Michael jackson's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Michael jackson's - Essay Example Three songs that best exemplify Michael Jackson’s work were off of his 1991 Dangerous album of which were Will you be there, Give it to me, and jam. By listening to his virtuosic rhythms as well as rich harmony; the signature bass lines and the detailed layers of unusual sounds, which went beyond the typical classics, as well as song play (Vogel, 2012). In addition, the song transitions made from New Jack Swing, R&B, as well as rock. His music was without barriers or borders, and echoed globally. These three songs although not that great in regards to Jackson’s musical stardom can be viewed as risks songs he took as well as experimental ones of which ended up being huge successes among many others from the dangerous album. The reason behind this is that Jackson wanted songs that were a cleaner, more calculated and colder version of some of the songs that were on the thriller album and partially the bad album as well. The end result of the risk songs were a sharper and h arder song production, which were meant to hit the streets (jam was a street song), as well as touch the hearts of the middle class listeners (with will you be there) and appeal to the rock fans and general fans with the hard hitting fusion of rock and R&B (with give it to me). These three song cut across everybody’s music taste in one way or another. Michael Jackson’s position in a musical pantheon was very opinionated. These entire artist had one thing in common, they were music geniuses in their own right and during their times. But what sets Michael Jackson apart is that his music broke cultural and racial grounds which are something that lacked in the likes of Mozart and Beethoven. Furthermore, he commanded and entertained millions of fans globally. The bottom line of the various opinions was founded on racial grounds especially black artist who were considered to be lacking in substance in

Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Criminal justice - Essay Example The application of GIS will increase and enhance criminal analysis capacities and law enforcement operation. Law enforcement agencies have been using GIS since early 1970s (Albert & Leipnik, 2003). In 1970s, technological advancements in the field of computers made computerized pin mapping available only to large police agencies. These systems were complex and required mainframe computers in order to be operational. The development of client server technology in 1980s made it possible for GIS to be obtainable at inexpensive cost. However, it was in 1990s when GIS technology progressed because of strong, efficient personal computers that were capable of handling considerable amounts of data. When implementing GIS, the organization will require efficient and enhanced computer systems to manage the rising number of records in their database. It will be essential to provide the staff with consistent power backup, archival gadgets and software, good quality printer having the ability to give color prints, user responsive GIS mapping software (Asbell, 2003). The law enforcement agency will be required to buy and install several copies of the mapping and provide it to the crime analyst. Advance computer networks will be required in order to connect to its own local network as well as countrywide network in order to distribute and share the data in all the existing departments of the organization (Burns, Leipnik, & Evans, 2003). This will enable all crime analysts to exchange data and examine all the reports. The computer system has to be aided with Computer Dispatch System to make the records management efficient and operational (Messina & May, 2003). The purpose of GIS is to successfully handle and control resources; offer enhanced and improved situational alertness, make more knowledgeable and up to date assessments in an appropriate manner, increase planned and functional planning, effective communication, understanding the crime in a

Government Intervention in the Workplace and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Government Intervention in the Workplace and Economic Development Essay In a free economic system, the decisions made by the buyers and decisions made by the suppliers, determine equilibrium prices and levels of output, in a free market. Scarce resources are thus allocated according to the competing pressures of demand and supply. An increase in demand of a product, signals the producers to increase the supply of the commodity, as potential profit levels increase so as to meet the increased demand. The working of a free market mechanism is a strong tool which has been used in determining allocation of resources among competing ends (Riley, 2006). There exists an increased claim that when issues, and policies are left on their own economic devices rather than instigating a state control on them, it would result to a more harmonious and equal society with increase in economic development. This concept is based on the liberal theory of economics which was first believed to be formulated by Adam Smith. It proposes a society where there is minimal government intervention in the economy. When government intervenes in workplaces, does it result to economic development? This is an issue of contention between various economists, and we shall look at both the advantages and the disadvantages of government intervention in working places and the effect on economic development (Mishra, Navin Geeta, 2006). The government has various goals and it may intervene in the price mechanism, in order to change resource allocation, with a view to attain a specific social or economic welfare. The government intervenes in the free market system so as to influence allocation of resources in ways that will be favorable in meeting their goals. These goals might include correcting a market failure, achieving a more equitable wealth distribution in the economy, or general improvement in the performance of the economy. These interventions however come with a certain cost on the working of economic systems (Mishra, Navin Geeta, 2006). Government has continually set rules and regulations that govern conditions and operations in work places. These rules and regulations, may affect supply or output of a certain commodity. We shall examine different areas that the government has intervened in work places and its consequent effect on the economy. It is in order for government to intervene as it has multiple macro-economic goals of achievement of economic development, full employment, and price stability, among others. These goals sometimes are contradictory as the achievement of one goal affects the attainment of the other (Brux, 2008). Price controls In various work places the government can impose price controls. There are two forms of price controls which can be imposed by the government. The government can impose high prices for certain goods which are referred to as floor prices. This is a price that is set in which a commodity cannot be sold below this price. Consumers are thus required to pay high prices for these commodities regardless whether the demand is low or otherwise. It ensures that the income by the producers of these commodities is higher than they could have otherwise obtained in a deregulated market (Petkantchin, 2006). The other type of price control is what is referred as price ceiling. It is a price that is set by the government, whereby suppliers are not allowed to exceed this price. It is an incentive to ensure that needy buyers or consumers can obtain this commodity at a lower price. This control is mostly found in the main utilities such as telecommunications, water, gas and others. Free market economists argue that this control increases the burden of costs to businesses which damage their competitiveness as a result of huge amount of red tape (Riley, 2006). When prices are freely set by the market, they easily regulate the economy. Producers are able to determine which products are highly valued and preferred by the consumers, they help them ascertain the management methods and technologies which will produce the greatest economic well being. Firms therefore attain incentives in order to innovate, integrate desired management skills in order to produce the desired commodities. Prices are also good indicators of the availability of resources. If the price of a commodity increases as a result of shortage, it signals the producer that, the there is a need to cut back on wastage of that resource, and efficient use of it. In general terms, prices enable economic players to enhance the most efficient use of scarce economic resources. When the government controls prices, whether in form of a price floor or a price ceiling, then it becomes a disadvantage to the economy (Petkantchin, 2006). The government requires that in order for a certain business to be conducted, a license is necessary. This is a form of government intervention in work places, since it creates barriers to entry for potential competition. According to Brux (2008), licenses are issued to ensure that customers are protected from inferior quality goods and services. Licenses however, are harmful to these consumers when they are a requirement of the law. This is because they reduce the availability of a certain commodity or service in a particular area, more so when there is a quota on the number of licenses to be issued. It is also detrimental to the well being of the consumers when the license fees are so high that smaller competitors cannot afford. This limits entry to a certain market which can be a way of creating monopoly. Prices charged on the commodity are higher than when there is a more liberal market. This affects the economic well being of a nation. The government also intervenes in work places by the use of fiscal policies. It alters the level and the pattern of demand for a particular commodity in the market which has its consequences in economic development. One such policy is the use of indirect taxes on demerit goods. This includes goods such as alcohol, tobacco consumption among others. Their consumption comes with a certain cost on the health or the general welfare of the consumer. The government induces such taxes, in order to increase the price and thereby increase the opportunity cost of consumption. Consumer demand towards such commodities decreases. This intervention means that these industries would not perform at their optimal point. They reduce their production so as to cater for the reduced demand of their commodities. It is a compromise on full employment that macro economic policies try to achieve, and as a result lower the level of economic development (Brux, 2008). Employment laws that govern businesses have been put in place by the government. They are a form of government interventions that also affect economic development. In the employment law, the government offers some legal protection for workers by setting the maximum working hours or setting the minimum wages to be paid to workers. Organizations are thus controlled in form of wages paid to workers, which should have otherwise been left to be determined by the competitive laws of labor demand and supply. The effect of this intervention is an increase in the amount that an organization spends on wages. There is also a limitation that is placed by the government in form of working hours. This acts to curtail production levels which have a negative effect on the GDP. The profitability of the firm is also affected by increasing its operation costs. This reduces organizational profits that would have been used to increase the level of organizational investments (Riley, 2006). When the government pays subsidies, it intervenes in the work places as it will obtain the money from businesses and public borrowing. This is an increase in public expenditure which means that the government has to increase the interest rates in order to attract funds from investors. Increase in interest rates has negative effect on businesses. This is because the cost of borrowing finances for investments increases which reduces the overall profitable ventures that are available for the business. The overall activity of business is thus curtailed or in more general terms the level of investment in the economy decreases. A decrease in the level of investment reduces the aggregate demand which inhibits economic development (FunQA. com, 2009). Government intervention is sometimes in form of tariffs. The government intervenes in imported products by imposing high taxes on them. They do this in order for the government to earn income and protect the local industries. When a consumer consumes these goods, he/she pays high prices for them which make the consumer worse off. The consumer is thus forced to consume less of other products and services. In the macro economy, the effect is to reduce demand of other goods and services which will make the economy to be worse off. This government intervention has a negative impact on economic development (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). It is very common for both the small and big businesses to call in the government so as to protect them. Small businesses requests the government to offer them less regulation while increase the same on the big businesses. They also ask for fair pricing laws which act to hurt the consumers. Pricing laws keep prices for commodities high, since they come in form of price floors and hurt efficient competitors. This is because efficient competitors are capable of offering the same commodity in form of quality and quantity at a lower price but the law by the government prohibits such. Competition is thus hindered to a greater extent as prices are maintained at a high level. If the commodity in question is an essential commodity, it would results to inflation which has adverse effects on economic development (Brux, 2008). Market Liberalization The government sometimes uses its power in order to introduce fresh competition into a certain market. This will happen in the case where the government breaks the monopoly power of a certain firm. It ensures that competitors can penetrate the market which enhances the quality of products and services which are offered to the consumers. It introduces a more liberal economy, where the market is not controlled by one player who dictates on the prices and the level of output. These are the laws of competition policy, which act against price fixation by companies and other forms of anti-competitive behavior (Riley, 2006). Other benefits that arise from government intervention include correction of externalities. Externalities can be defined as the spill over costs or in some cases benefits. Externalities make the market to operate in a level that the amount of output and the level of production are not at a socially optimal level. When there is a lot of corn being produced, the law of demand and supply will mean that price has to decrease as supply exceeds demand. When the government allows the price of corn to decrease beyond a certain level, the producers of corn will be at a loss which will de motivate further production of corn. In such circumstances, the government intervenes by the use of price floor where price would not go below that limit. Leaving the market forces to adjust the price and output will socially affect some sectors of the economy and as such lead to the welfare of citizens being worse off (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Another reason as to why the government intervenes in the economy is to correct market failures. Consumers sometimes lack adequate information as to the benefits and costs which come from the consumption of a certain product. Government thus imposes laws that will ensure that the consumers have adequate information about the products so as to improve the perceived costs and benefits of a product. Compulsory labeling that is done on cigarette packages is one of those legal concerns that give adequate health warnings to cigarette smokers. It is a way in which the government protects its citizens from exploitation and harmful habits that would affect them in the long run. This might have a short term effect in form of decreased profits on Tobacco manufacturers, but long term effects on improved health of consumers and a saving on future medical expenses (Riley, 2006). According to Riley (2006), it will be known that government intervention does not always result into the plans and strategies set or prediction by economic theory. It is rare for consumers and businesses to behave the way the government exactly wanted them to behave. This in economics has been referred to as law of unintended consequences which can come into play in any government intervention. This would have negative consequences on the economic level since inappropriate policies would mean negative effects and influence. The market is able to maintain itself in equilibrium through price mechanisms and other economic factors. When the government intervenes, it affects this smooth operation of the market and this may lead to either shortages or surpluses. The effect becomes worse when the government relies on poor information in making these interventions in workplaces. The effects might be expensive to the administration of businesses, and the interventions might also be disruptive to the operations of the business if these interventions are major and frequent. It might also remove some liberties (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Government interventions in workplaces should not be aimed to create great changes in the market. The conditions prevailing in the economy should be well reviewed and analyzed. This will ensure that threats that can damage the economy have been identified and measures against such taken. It would be of great advantage if government interventions are designed to facilitate the smooth working of the economy rather than implementing a new and a direct control over the market. They should be assessed on whether they lead to a better use of scarce resources, whether fairness is being upheld in the intervention and whether the policy enhances or reduces the capacity of future generations in improving economic activity (Riley, 2006). Conclusion Some economists believe that with perfect competition, there will be no need for any government intervention. Is it therefore wise to leave the economy to the doctrine of laissez-fare where there is no control or intervention by the government? As much as there exists some negative effects on economic development due to government control, the benefits which accrue as a result of controlled government intervention would be under no circumstances be compared with the risks that would accrue when the government adopts the liberal economic structure. References Brux, J. (2008). Economics Issues and Policy. 4th ed. Ohio: Cengage Learning FunQA. com, (2009). Economics: Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Intervention? Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://www. funqa. com/economics/92-Economics-2. html Mishra, R. Navin, B. Geeta P. eds. (2006). Economic liberalization and public enterprises. ISBN 8180692574 Pearson Education, Inc. (2010). Reasons for government intervention in the market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_uk_he_sloman_econbus_3/18/4748/1215583. cw/index. html Petkantchin, V. (2006). The Pernicious Effects of Price Controls. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq=cache:mYXWxJC6EpMJ:www. iedm. org/uploaded/pdf/avr06_en. pdf+Price+controls+and+their+effectshl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEEShvcqptHKj3Y_Mrxy5hhG7resIp_Y7FVbxWwhBqmLTBqzdSn3hvuXLutFYW9m1uRWom_D5InOy5G5Jp5AMTuCoFxKA-Rj-1tbrOA0PrnDz5VOBbruMR2HYdYcYm-SLf5Oq_aZBmsig=AHIEtbTFfKO-NWp1d5bX2HTlouAB_gP1fQ Riley, G. (2006). Government Intervention in the Market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-government-intervention-2. html

Historic Model Of Science :: essays research papers

The ‘heroic model’ of science is one of the most influential phenomena in history. This surge of value-free knowledge, filled with realism, bold justification, absolute truth and complete objectivity, changed the way in which the world was perceived and how the future would be viewed. The ‘heroic model’ changed the rules and ushered western civilization into a new era, filled with wonderfully shocking scientific surprises. The backlash from the ‘heroic model’ was so powerful that it heavily influenced other subjects, such as history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ‘heroic model’ of science was a phenomenon of the western world, during the Enlightenment. This wonder aided in transforming scientists, philosophers and others among them into cultural heroes. Science became a part of home life, when in previous times science was seen as a threat to religion and thus proclaimed as wrong. Once science became a part of life and began to prove and bluntly say things that the bible and religion could not come near to explaining, it became the basis for fact. The ‘heroic model’ could easily be blamed for the breakdown of the religious-infested societies that plagued the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This became very important to everyone involved, which proved to be more people than expected. The ‘heroic model’ was an opening for scientist and others to express their opinions without the fear of being ostracized and labeled as a blasphemer. These people were no longer look down upon as sinners, against God and religion, yet they were praised for bring truth and secularity to the world. “Facts'; no longer were infested or influenced by religion, the truth was the real truth. “It replaced the fear and anxiety that nature once evoked with hope inspired by an ordered, harmonious, knowable world.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ‘heroic model’ boosted science to a level that nothing else had ever reached or attempted to attain. Science, during the Enlightenment and consequently afterwards, was used to measure the status of a country and their position of power. If a country was not as advance as another country was in the sciences then that country was obviously not civilized and was beneath the other country. Such as, the economy might be used to determine the status or worldly position of a country today that is how science was used during the Age of Enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The progression of science and the overwhelming success of the ‘heroic model’ not only yanked science to the forefront, but it also influenced and changed the way history was being perceived and studied.

Minds Are Opened Only When Hearts Are Opened Essay

â€Å"Minds are like parachutes. They only function when they are open.† James Dewar To create the life that you want, growing as a human being and regularly experiencing a prosperous lifestyle, you will need a mind open to other people, possibilities, ideas and opinions around you. When you have an open mind you allow yourself to attract and follow up on opportunities. When you work with the power of the conscious and subconscious mind you will attract opportunities that will bring you what you need; for what you radiate you will constantly attract. When you are prepared to become creative you will create a vibrant life, while eliminating negative and unwanted situations. Most people think they already listen to others with an open mind, merely by paying close attention to what is being said. In fact, keeping an open mind is not easy to do if you are happy with the way you are doing things and do not see the point of changing. We all have moments, however, when we do listen with an open heart and mind, for example, we are more open to listening to someone we trust. An open mind is an understanding mind which will develop a genuine appreciation for people. When you take the trouble to think of other people’s feelings, their viewpoints and their desires you are saying â€Å"people are important†. An open mind will accept other people unconditionally. It requires the letting go of likes and dislikes and other similar emotions. When you do this you discipline your emotions and you allow people to be who they are with all their idiosyncrasies, differences and irritations. When you are communicating with others there can often be misunderstandings and these can lead to failure in your relations with others. We expect others to react and respond and come to the same conclusions we do over a given set of facts. Unfortunately, no one reacts to things as they are but to their own mental images; they are responding appropriately to what they see as the truth about the situation. An open-minded person will ask themselves â€Å"How does this appear to that person?† or, â€Å"How does that person interpret the situation?† and they will try to understand why someone might act differently to the way they expected. Many small business owners have faced extinction because they thought they knew it all and were not prepared to have an open mind and listen to others who had been down that path before them. When you are open minded you are always prepared to be teachable, to learn something new and take advantage of opportunities that present themselves. An open mind is the doorway to expansion of ideas. When you open your mind you are not compromising your ethics and values. It just means that you begin to practice a greater sense of awareness and in doing so you are prepared to look at your world a little differently. Test opportunities that are presented to you and examine where the message is coming from. It may be from a friend, a neutral party or from a source about which you are sceptical. If you are not sure, instruct your subconscious mind to guide you by simply saying, â€Å"I am making the right decision.† Focus on what you want, not on what you don’t want. A Closed Mind â€Å"A closed mind is like a closed book; just a block of wood. – Chinese Proverb. We have all been given the power to develop ideas and exercise free will. Unfortunately too often those ideas die as a seed and people use their free will to close their mind to the tremendous opportunities surrounding them. This stubbornness prevents them from achieving the goals that they want for themselves and so the opportunity for success is greatly decreased. In our formative years we grow and develop egos that maintain very particular ideas about ourselves in relation to the world around us. Your ego is your conscious mind, that which controls your behaviour and tries to give meaning to your external, material reality. It is powerful and can control your life if you allow it. Your external reality is a direct result of your mental and spiritual self so if the latter two are not where you want them to be your external and material self will suffer. The ego cannot improve the quality of your mental and spiritual life. When you close your mind you essentially become stubborn and become a victim of the ego mind which says, â€Å"My attitude is right despite what anyone else has to say†. The ego mind, although it thinks it knows better than anyone else, is never prepared to leave its comfort zone and so is not open to new ideas nor will it welcome others into its world. This kind of attitude shuts you off from the process of life and nature which is about growing and experiencing new possibilities. Think about how many times you were resistant to trying something new only to eventually give in and discover that you really enjoyed the process. Limitations are the jail of the mind so if you can throw off the shackles and open your mind to new and exciting ideas, your possibilities become limitless. When the mind is shackled and limited it affects every part of your life, for example, work presentations can lack innovation and impact and even every-day conversations are less productive and rewarding. Conversations often become defensive as the mind closes off to what is being said by others. Society today gives out a negative message that everyone is out to ‘take you down’ and that if it ‘looks to good to be true, it probably is’. This causes many to close their minds to everything beyond their current knowledge. An open mind is a mind that is aware that the current knowledge is not all there is to know and will eagerly investigate possibilities. When you have a closed mind to new and exciting possibilities you essentially tell yourself that you are not willing to go the extra mile – that you are not willing to grow and experience new things. You have now switched off the power within you and there can be no change and no progress in life and things will never improve. Such people become very introspective and weak. The old recordings of the past can, however, be changed. If you choose, you can wipe the old record clean, put on a new record and make a decision to activate the positive thoughts which lead to a relaxed and open view of the world. Remember, the past explains how you got to the present but where you go from here is your responsibility. In his book A Vision of Power & Glory, John Kehoe gives a Zen parable about two monks who are on a journey together when they come to a river. By the river there is a beautiful woman. The woman asks them, â€Å"Please will one of you monks carry me across the river? The river is too wide and the current too swift.† The two monks look at one another, because they have taken a sacred vow to not so much as even touch a woman. Then, abruptly, the older monk picks up the woman, carries her across the river and puts her down on the other side. They continue on their journey. The younger monk is flabbergasted. He can’t believe it. An hour goes by and not a word is spoken between them. Two hours. Three hours. And finally, after four hours, he turns to the older monk and blurts out, â€Å"How could you have done that? How could you have carried that woman?† â€Å"Oh?† responds his companion, â€Å"Are you still carrying her? I put her down four hours ago.† John Kehoe goes on to say, â€Å"How much are we still carrying around inside us that should have been put down a long time ago? Disappointments; regrets; failures; grudges. How much junk are we carrying around inside us and how long are we going to carry it? All our life?† If you want to change and improve your attitude to life then it is imperative that you keep an open mind. That is not to say you will be taken in by every ‘fly-by-night’ scheme that may be put before you. An open mind is curious and investigative and examines new things. Your creative power system uses your conscious and subconscious mind to attract, explore and check out new opportunities so that you can begin achieving your goals and creating the life you want. Don’t limit yourself; learn how to attract new possibilities and make the right decisions by developing the power of your mind and heart. If you move in your community with an open mind and an open heart you can learn to accept others. You don’t have to agree with them, but accept who they are and feel free to express yourself. I remember a friend of ours who has passed on now, who was well-known and well-liked in community affairs. He met many people as he moved around and sometimes in a gathering he would be heard to say, â€Å"There’s a fellow over there I met recently and I didn’t like him; I must go over and get to know him better†. He would always come away with a new-found friend; now that’s an open mind and open heart.

Defining The Constitution Ambit Within India Essay

INTRODUCTION: To define the constitution ambit within which right to life with human dignity especially right to life-livelihood and holistic approach is sine qua non of the constitutional framework in India. All those things which go all along with the life and make it worth living comes within this. The right to live basically does not mean the bare life as it was said by Georgio Agamben in his HOMO-SACER book, the life is basically full of all those things which makes life worth living and it includes the health aspect, the societal values in the status particularly in the norms within the society; in all those things which make the life with dignity; hence it is not animal life but a political one. Supreme Court in many judgments held that the life is not bare life devoid of all things in society rather it includes the basic values which makes life worth living. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi: â€Å"According to me, the economic constitution of India, and for the matter of that of the world, should be such that no one under it should suffer from want of food and clothing. In other words, everybody should be able to get sufficient work to enable him to make the two ends meet. And, this ideal can be universally realized only if the means of production of elementary necessaries of life remain under the control of the masses. These should be freely available to all as God s air and water are, or ought to be; they should not be made a vehicle of traffic for the exploitation ofShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Law Is Not The World Constitution2418 Words   |  10 Pagesto be exercised is what forms the constitution of the state.† Extrapolating this concept to the international political process, the bulk of the most important norms which regulate political activity and relationships in the global polity could be called an international constitution. 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